Spanish–English parallel text

Epicteto el liberto

Epictetus the Freedman

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SpanishEnglish

El esclavo

The Slave

Epicteto nació esclavo. Venía de Hierápolis, una ciudad del este, y nadie sabe el año de su nacimiento, solo que fue unos cincuenta años después de Cristo. Incluso su nombre no es en realidad un nombre. «Epicteto» significa «comprado» o «adquirido».

Epictetus was born a slave. He came from Hierapolis, a city in the east, and nobody knows the year of his birth, only that it was about fifty years after Christ. Even his name is not really a name. “Epictetus” means “bought” or “acquired”.

Pertenecía a un hombre rico llamado Epafrodito, que trabajaba para el emperador Nerón en Roma. Así que el esclavo creció en medio del poder: casas elegantes, invitados importantes y conversaciones interminables sobre dinero y favores.

He belonged to a rich man called Epaphroditus, who worked for the emperor Nero in Rome. So the slave grew up in the middle of power: fine houses, important guests, and endless talk about money and favour.

No sabemos qué pensaba el joven esclavo en esa casa. Pero sabemos lo que dijo más tarde: que una persona puede ser esclava en el cuerpo y libre en la mente, y que lo contrario también es verdad. Muchos romanos ricos, decía, eran esclavos: de sus apetitos, de su miedo y del humor de sus amos. Él conocía los dos tipos de esclavitud de cerca.

We do not know what the young slave thought about in that house. But we know what he said later: that a person can be a slave in the body and free in the mind, and that the opposite is true as well. Many rich Romans, he said, were slaves — of their appetites, their fear and their masters’ moods. He knew both kinds of slavery from close up.

Incluso como esclavo, encontró tiempo para estudiar. Escuchaba a los filósofos que daban clases en Roma y les pedía prestados sus libros. Su amo se lo permitía, quizá porque un esclavo inteligente era útil, o quizá porque no se daba cuenta. En esos años, el chico de la pierna mala se hizo una promesa: no importaba lo que le pasara a su cuerpo, su mente sería suya.

Even as a slave, he found time to study. He listened to the philosophers who lectured in Rome, and he borrowed their books. His master allowed it, perhaps because a clever slave was useful, or perhaps because he did not notice. In those years the boy with the bad leg made himself a promise: no matter what happened to his body, his mind would be his own.

Epicteto tenía una pierna mala y cojeaba. Una historia cuenta que su amo le retorció una vez la pierna para hacerle daño, despacio, para ver qué hacía el esclavo. Epicteto dijo con calma: «Si sigues, me romperás la pierna». El amo siguió. La pierna se rompió. Y Epicteto dijo: «¿No te dije que se rompería?».

Epictetus had a bad leg, and he walked with a limp. One story says that his master once twisted the leg to hurt him, slowly, to see what the slave would do. Epictetus said, quietly: “If you go on, you will break my leg.” The master went on. The leg broke. And Epictetus said: “Did I not tell you that it would break?”

No sabemos si la historia es verdad. Pero muestra exactamente lo que Epicteto enseñó toda su vida: no puedes controlar lo que otros te hacen. Solo puedes controlar lo que piensas sobre ello y cómo respondes.

We do not know if the story is true. But it shows exactly what Epictetus taught all his life: you cannot control what other people do to you. You can only control what you think about it, and how you answer.

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